UPSE Scientific and Technological Magazine
The UPSE Scientific and Technological Journal (RCTU) of the Santa Elena Peninsula State University has been published by the Institute for Scientific Research and Technology Development (INCYT) since 2012. It publishes original and unpublished articles related to engineering sciences and agricultural and biological sciences. RCTU is open access, entirely free of charge, with no APC (Article Processing Charge). It is published in electronic format (e-ISSN: 1390-7697) and in print (ISSN: 1390-7638), in Spanish, twice a year (June and December). The journal guarantees the accessibility of its articles through the unique and permanent identifier for electronic publications DOI (Digital Object Identifier); research and review manuscripts are received and peer-reviewed by double-blind peer review (DBPR).
Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena
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Using tires used as added in the concrete: case province of Santa Elena, Ecuador
The project found a concrete design with particles from used tires, which after a selection process, controlled grinding, a dosage in accordance with the parameters of the American Concrete Institute (ICA) international standards of concrete design, Standard (NEC), the incorporation of up to 10% of tired rubber as a partial substitute of coarse aggregates in the concrete design, gives favorable results and good resistance which makes it possible to use all the Ecuadorian standards of the building. A test with 10% of crushed rubber incorporated as a partial substitute of the fine aggregate was also performed, making it even more suitable for construction and concrete processing purposes. In the present research work the tests are performed as separate mixtures. Beams were tested with incorporation of coarse aggregates of up to 15% complying with the standards, but a complete series was not performed.
The Ethical Values and its implications in the Administrative Management
The objective of this research is to determine the ethical values held by fourth-year students of Business Administration from the University of Guayaquil and its implications in Administrative Management. The problem arises from the observations made by the author of this article, students of the School of Management at the Faculty of Administrative Sciences at the University of Guayaquil in class processes. The methodology used corresponds to a field study of descriptive and explanatory type, instrument type data collection survey was applied to a population consisting of 120 students studying business management was used. The study results showed a low level in compliance with codes of ethics by students, the relationship between research variables proved to be positive very weak, which means that while the student to improve compliance with ethics in its courtly activity, evidenced in these better professional performance. The research concludes by proposing a number of strategies to provide students the opportunity to participate in training courses, workshops or lectures where knowledge among members of the university, planned and organized by the race share.
Analysis of metadata schemas for the thesis cataloging and research projects
This article reveals the comparative analysis of metadata schemas MARC21, MODS, DUBLIN CORE and OPAC in cataloging and publication of thesis and research projects in the DSpace repository. It begins with the development and implementation of a survey to library administrators of the following institutions: University of Cuenca, Azuay University, Catholic University of Cuenca, Salesian University and the Municipal Library of the city of Cuenca, in order to determine the schema metadata used in cataloging thesis and research projects. Then a virtual Machine was installed under the Ubuntu operating system. By using the tasksel tool the prerequisites are installed previous to the installation of DSpace, DSpace repository configuration and publication of the contents of thesis and research projects within the repository. It is concluded that the metadata that prevails within the DSpace repositories is the Dublin Core and it is the one best fits for cataloging thesis and research projects, in tests with students and teachers in the three aspects: technical, use and functional. The Dublin Core metadata schema in the repository DSpace is rated as excellent, having an average level of complexity in registration documents.
Integration of immersive technologies and AI for risk prevention in industrial environments
Occupational safety was historically addressed through regulations and training, but alarming global statistics demanded new approaches. Industry 4.0 introduced disruptive technologies, generating both efficiency gains and new risks, giving rise to the concept of Safety 4.0. This study critically analysed the integration of immersive technologies (AR/VR) and artificial intelligence (AI) for risk prevention (2019-present), with a global, Latin American and Ecuadorian focus. The methodology reviewed scientific literature along four axes: (1) benefits of AR/VR in knowledge retention, (2) personalisation through AI, (3) impact on operational safety and (4) adoption barriers. Results revealed that the RA/RV+AI synergy, rooted in a systematic literature review across four thematic axes, enables adaptive training and real-time risk detection, significantly reinforcing prevention. However, technical and organizational barriers persist; longitudinal validation, ethical frameworks, contextual implementation strategies, and further research are advised to enhance industrial safety and sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andrea Jemima Naranjo Soriano; Ramiro Fernando Isa Jara
Biocontrol of bean vascular wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum using Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR).
The vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) is a phytosanitary problem that directly affects the yield and economy of the farmers, for its control chemical contact products are used; however, an alternative to this use is biocontrol, using organisms that promote plant growth (PGPR) with good antagonistic capacity. In this work we compare bacterial genera with PGPR characteristics; Bacillus (Bacillus sp. a, Bacillus sp. b), Rhizobium (CIAT 899), Actinobacteria (Streptomyces sp), Prochloraz as a chemical control and those formulated with Azotobacter sp, and Bacillus subtilis as positive controls. The strains of Bacillus a and Actinobacteria, with a severity of 1 and 3 degrees, antagonistic incidence of 61.54 and 76.93%, dry weight of 0.42 and 0.31 g and a total length of 17.23 and 18 are presented as better candidates for PGPR and biocontrollers. cm, respectively. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biocontrol against F. oxysporum generated by PGPR type bacteria.
Computación móvil en la nube: Google Cloud Messaging
This article presents an analysis of GCM (Google Cloud Messaging); Library performance, integration with Google App Engine and also development tools, including API. The results reveal that GCM in relation to its predecessor C2DM (Cloud to Device Messaging) presents significant improvements that must be considered when developing Apps in real time that facilitates and enhances the development of increasingly powerful, reliable, Fast and above all optimizing resources. Therefore, using the GCM API could correctly analyze the actual times of this type of applications being shorter times in relation to the previous API of C2DM, since in obtaining a Token that is performed only once Per day in an average of 5.951 seconds and in the sending of messages an average of 0.181314763 seconds depending on the network. Therefore, Mobile Cloud Computing is a new trend that using services in the cloud is penetrating in recent years and services such as Google Clould Message allow to take a step further when talking about mobile applications.
This paper focuses on analyzing the origin, evolution and impact of corporate criminal compliance practice worldwide, especially in Ecuador. In order to understand this concept, we need to detach it from the corporate compliance definition. The compliance trend was born through a court sanctioning chronology, especially in the United States and United Kingdom, where case law evidences how corporate criminal liability has gained prominence, added to the media scandals from the ninety’s and two thousands. Permeating the corporate culture of compliance goes beyond just collecting permits and operating regulations; therefore we need to investigate the formal elements that allow its implementation. These include the structure of good corporate governance and the institution of the compliance officer. The article discusses the concepts of both compliance and criminal compliance, its main components and structure as well as the main rules relating to its global application, and finally his emergence in the Ecuadorian legal system.
Energy Generation Possibilities Based on the Geothermal Potential of the Santa Elena Peninsula
The ever-growing demand for clean, cheap energy motivates the use of modern technologies to take advantage of the energy of nature for the benefit of the Suma Causay. The rationalization of the use of electricity and fossil fuels, has motivated the change of the energy pattern of the Ecuador leading to the intensive use of new sources of generation, the production of fuels under more strict specifications, make them more clean, more efficient, more economic and more environmentally friendly. This change motivates us to search for new unexplored alternatives of Little-explored generation; that whit appropriate technologies use; can offer a new framework for development of electric energy. Geothermal is a science that studies the internal energy of the Earth, thermal anomalies manifested as hot spots with hydrothermal emanations. In this study, we propose the possibility of using this natural energy to transform it into electricity. We can take advantage of the conditions of some of hot springs outcrops and mud volcanoes that exist in the province. For this reason we have proposed to the Technology Austrian Institute, his advice and assistance to propose a project to the Ministry of electrification and renewable energy.
Evaluation of Nitrogen Doses in Combination with Vitazyme on Watermelon Yield in Sinchal, Santa Elena Province.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction of Vitazyme in combination with several doses of nitrogen fertilizers, in the watermelon hybrid productivity Doña Flor, a type Charleston Grey, in Sinchal Santa Elena. It was used a randomized complete blocks design with 8 treatments and 4 repetitions. Each experimental unit was planted using 45 plants for each plot. Results were analyzed by Analysis of variance and the averages of the treatments, compared according to Test of Multiple Rank of Duncan to 5%. Variables evaluated: stem length (40 and 60 days after the transplant), female flowers, commercial fruits number per plant, fruit weight and size, diameter, yield per hectare and economic analysis. The nitrogen + PK, as well as nitrogen + PK + biostimulant Vitazyme increases the number of marketable fruit per plant, reflecting on the performance and profitability, excelling treatment N150P80K200 + Vitazyme that reached 117,08 ton/ha
¿Cómo prestar servicios básicos a las comunidades pobres?
Despite some authors contesting that participation makes no difference, community participation is important for policy implementation. However, in or derto community participation can be effective, people have to participate in all levels of a project. This article examines how sanitation services, can be provided in poor communities. The paper examines the case of “Salud Para el Pueblo” (SPP),a project that provided sanitation services in Santa Elena –Ecuador with the active participation of the community. The paper argues that to increase the provision of water and sanitation services, it is necessary to include the community in the planning, design, implementation and maintenance of the project. The article examined the literature about community participation and related it to the community participation in SPP. As a result of the involvement of the community, the project reflected community s real needs, increased their accountability, reduced costs of the project and also contributed to better health in Santa Elena.
Simulation and evaluation of a production blasting in a quarry through analysis with JKSimBlast software, 2D laser profilometry and seismographs
At the studied quarry, limestone is extracted for its exploitation as construction material. The main functions of production blasts are to obtain, by using civil explosives, a suitable block size for the crushing plant, to achieve a stable, well-marked and rectilinear slope, to guarantee the stability of the operation and to minimize the vibrations in the surrounding structures and areas of interest. For this, a type blast is defined in which the main design parameters are simulated and evaluated using JKSimBlast software, a 2D profiler and two seismographs, seeking to reconcile optimal production with a minimum level of vibration in the areas to be monitored.
The "Internet of Things" is a technology in which each device has a chip with which it can communicate to the Internet, the emergence of open source electronic controllers in and the DIY concept "Did It yourself" has given rise the emergence of economic technologies such as Arduino and Raspberry, with which users can carry out their home automation (Smart Home) projects. This article explains how to communicate with a web server via http of an Arduino NODEMCU.
Assessment of the quality of university Websites in Ecuador during 2023 using Principal Component Analysis
This article presents the results of the evaluation of the quality of the official websites of 62 universities and polytechnic schools in Ecuador. The study is exploratory, correlational, and cross-sectional, and analyzes the structure, design, information, and tools available on the official websites of these institutions through content analysis. The methodology begins with an extensive literature review on tools, methods, and techniques to assess website quality. Based on this review, a heuristic tool was developed consisting of 55 quality indicators that verify the existence and functionality of the essential features of the websites. Data processing was carried out using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique with the R programming language, which allowed the identification of six main components explaining 53.85% of the data variability. Additionally, the generation of HJ-Biplot charts enabled the graphical exploration of the correlations between the quality indicators and the comparison of the similarities and differences of the websites analyzed. This also helped identify areas of excellence and aspects that require improvement in the design of these platforms. The results highlight that a well-thought-out web design is characterized by being intuitive and functional, which significantly enhances the digital image and reputation of higher education institutions. Furthermore, it is evident that institutions with better-rated websites convey greater institutional trust and generate higher satisfaction among students, demonstrating a positive relationship between quality web design and a positive perception of the institution.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jorge Antonio Córdova Morán; Silvia Rosa Pacheco Mendoza
Benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality on 4 islands of the Jambeli archipelago
Benthic macroinvertebrates are widely used due to their sensitivity to environmental changes. This study analyzes the biodiversity and distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in four islands of the Jambelí Archipelago. Sampling was carried out in three zones, using standardized methodologies. Sixteen species belonging to 14 families distributed in four phyla were identified, being Mollusca the most representative, with 50% of species and 83.46% of individuals collected. Shannon-Wiener values ranged from 1 to 2, indicating moderate biodiversity and medium contamination. The Pielou index reflected an even distribution of species on Costa Rica and San Gregorio islands (close to 0.8), Tembleque and Buena Vista obtained values of (≈0.5). Likewise, the Margalef index showed values below 3 on all the islands, indicating low specific richness. Finally, the AMBI index was used and showed a slight disturbance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kevin Mauricio Procel Vidal; Jhean Pierre Vasconez Zambrano, Alex Dumany Luna Florin, Juan Gabriel Paredes Moran
Identificación de los bioactivos del brócoli y su efecto sobre la salud humana: una revisión sistemática
Introduction: Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is a vegetable widely recognized for its rich composition of bioactive compounds, which offer a variety of health benefits. Objective: To identify the bioactive compounds in broccoli and their effects on human health. Methodology: We employed the PRISMA method, conducting a thorough literature search of scientific documents from databases that support this work. Results: Twenty-five components were identified, demonstrating a wide range of potential health benefits derived from various phytochemicals and nutrients analyzed. Sulforaphane, indoles, glucoraphanin, quercetin, kaempferol, caffeic acid, resveratrol, glutathione, ellagic acid, cyanidin, betacyanin, indole-3-carbinol, chlorogenic acid, glucobrassicin, sinapic acid, genistein, N-acetylglucosamine, p-coumaric acid, isoflavones, luteolin, folic acid, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), zeaxanthin, pantothenic acid, and niacin, among others, have documented positive effects in the prevention of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and contribute to rejuvenation and longevity. Conclusion: The study concludes that the bioactive compounds in this cruciferous species can prevent chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders, making it a valuable dietary option for the population
Copyright (c) 2025 Miguel Angel Enriquez Estrella; Lilian Alexandra Bonifaz Brito, George Michael Lara Montoya
Sustainable water resources management and water governance: scientific literature review 2010-2024.
Sustainable water resources management is a challenge that involves policies and techniques of social importance, linked to research and experience with applied practices. A systematic review of scientific literature was developed to show an overview of research contributions on water management and governance between 2010 and 2024. The PRISMA statement was used and as eligibility criteria: year of publication (2010-2024), language (Spanish and English), indexing (Latindex, Redalyc, SciELO, Dialnet, EBSCO, WoS, Scopus), accessibility (full text), type of document (scientific article) and specific subject matter (Key actors involved, Roles in water resources management, Application of OECD principles and Results of water management and governance). It was observed that there are gaps that limit efficient sustainable water management, and that there is also a gap between the governance principles applied and the needs and characteristics of the communities that benefit from the resource.
Copyright (c) 2025 Joel Cruz Machacuay, Rolando Reátegui Lozano
Design and implementation of a photovoltaic system with solar tracker to be applied in educational environments
A photovoltaic system with a solar tracker was developed to supply the basic energy needs of an academic laboratory, guaranteeing a two-hour autonomy with its maximum operational capacity without solar radiation. Technical requirements were established and an operation and maintenance manual were prepared. The SGDA and STA equipment was selected to operate in manual or automatic mode and a solar tracker was integrated to maximize energy collection. From the tests carried out, its reliability was determined, presenting an autonomy of 4 hours and 20 minutes using the same charging time in low radiation conditions. In addition, the implemented SGDA represents a savings of 48.57% compared to a similar commercial system. It is concluded that the developed system is competitive and presents better characteristics than the commercial alternatives, besides it can be replicated to supply energy deficiencies in several academic areas
Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Tadeo Guerra Chávez; Jorge Bolívar Bodero Bravo, Fausto Ulpiano Caicedo Benavides, Joseph David Guerra Chávez
Sustainability analysis through the ecological footprint and biocapacity of the Portoviejo city - Ecuador
The Ecological Footprint (EF) and Biocapacity (BC) are key sustainability indicators, expressed in global hectares (gha). The EF measures resource consumption and waste assimilation needs, while the BC represents the available productive space. In 2020, Portoviejo had 246,003 inhabitants, forming a potentially dependent group of territories that assimilate their waste and produce resources. In this regard, the aim of the study was to calculate indicators to determine the city's sustainability. Applying the composite method of Wackernagel and Rees (1996), the ecological footprint was calculated, obtaining a value of 0.553 gha/person/year and a biocapacity of 0.362 gha/person/year, showing an ecological deficit, concluding that 47,011.17 hectares would be necessary to satisfy the needs. The determination of these indicators, specifies the consequences of consumption patterns, allowing results for the subsequent use and benefit of the population and the environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Joyce Melanie Solórzano Moreira; Wendy Virginia Alarcón Mendoza, Holanda Teresa Vivas Saltos
Assessment of Livestock Sustainability in the Ecuadorian Amazon: Case Studies of El Triunfo and Pablo Sexto
Cattle ranching in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region (EAR) is highly significant; however, there are few studies integrating the evaluation of livelihoods and sustainability. This study assesses livestock systems in the Ecuadorian Amazon using the capital theory methodology and the FAO’s SAFA sustainability framework to develop sustainable proposals. Interviews were conducted with cattle ranchers in Pastaza and Morona Santiago. Results show that in both locations, household heads are predominantly male, over 40 years old, participate in their associations, have access to credit, and do not receive government subsidies. Families typically consist of 3–4 members. El Triunfo exhibits a higher educational level, practices polyculture, dairy cattle farming, and layer poultry farming. Pablo Sexto shows greater generational renewal, full livestock infrastructure, and prioritizes monoculture, beef cattle farming, and integrated poultry–guinea pig fattening systems. Overall, El Triunfo parish achieved higher sustainability thresholds compared to Pablo Sexto canton.
Family farming, Livelihoods, Pastures, SAFA, Agricultural sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Julio César Muñoz-Rengifo; Johanna Pozo Vivar, Paco Ikiam Chumpi, Rumania Alexandra Torres Navarrete, Bolier Torres Navarrete
Effect of the infection method of Pseudomonas sp. associated with larviculture tanks of the white shrimp Penaeus vannamei.
Pseudomonas are cosmopolitan organisms and their impact in aquaculture shows different perspectives. The strain Pseudomonas sp. isolated from a larval production system of Penaeus vannamei shrimp was evaluated for pathogenicity by intramuscular injection and immersion in 3.93 ± 0.26 g shrimp. The result of the pathogenic test showed that the average mortality after 72 h post-infection (h.p.i) in the injected animals was 68.95 ± 1.77%, versus 64.44 ± 1.07% in the animals infected by immersion. The histology of the hepatopancreas showed a marked inflammatory response, granuloma formation, and necrosis of hepatopancreatic cells. These findings denote the need to evaluate bacterial control strategies that allow eradicating the proliferation of pathogenic Pseudomonas in shrimp farming, in search of optimizing performance in controlled culture systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Briggitte Teresa Villón Navas; Richard Duque Marin, Daniel Rodríguez-Pesantes
Experimental study of the properties of concrete made with water and sea sand
The construction industry uses increasing volumes of aggregates and fresh water in the production of concrete, with the consequent impacts on the environment. The total or partial replacement of these two resources by water and sea sand can be a feasible solution to the problem. The present research studied the influence of the use of water and sea sand on the properties of concrete at early ages. Concrete density and consistency in the fresh state were evaluated; and density, ultrasonic pulse speed and compressive strength in the hardened state, with 50% and 100% replacement of crushed sand by sea sand, always using sea water. The results allowed to conclude that the properties of concrete with sea sand do not present statistically significant differences with those of the control concrete, highlighting the best results with a 50% replacement.
Copyright (c) 2025 David León González, René Antonio Puig Martínez; Isel del Carmen Díaz Pérez, Hugo Wainshtok Rivas
Incidence of CNC Technology in Industry 4.0
The study analyzed the integration of CNC technology in the context of Industry 4.0, evaluating benefits, challenges and future trends. A survey and a case study were conducted to identify benefits such as improved efficiency, flexibility, cost reduction, and improved quality and traceability of processes. Organizational challenges were highlighted, including resistance to change, lack of strategic vision and budget constraints. Future trends included the integration of additive manufacturing, the adoption of augmented and virtual reality technologies, and the growing role of artificial intelligence in CNC process optimization. It was concluded that the integration of CNC with Industry 4.0 offers significant potential to improve manufacturing competitiveness and efficiency, provided that technical and organizational challenges are adequately addressed. Future research was suggested to develop strategies and best practices in this area.
Efficiency, Additive Manufacturing, Artificial Intelligence Augmented Reality.
Copyright (c) 2024 Luis Hernán Sánchez Hayman; Yoandrys Morales Tamayo, Danilo Fabricio Trujillo Ronquillo
Static Security Testing Models in Inefficiency Reduction Identification of SQL Injection in Web Applications
Early detection of vulnerabilities is crucial in software development to ensure the security of web applications, especially against SQL injection attacks. Static Application Security Testing (SAST) allows for the identification of vulnerabilities from the early stages of the development lifecycle. This article systematically reviews the literature to identify and analyze the most effective SAST models in reducing inefficiencies in detecting SQL injections. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and Kitchenham’s approach, exhaustive searches were conducted in databases like EBSCO and Scopus. The results show that early integration of SAST and the use of artificial intelligence significantly improve vulnerability detection, reducing false positives and negatives. The implementation of advanced SAST models is essential for enhancing the security of web applications, with future research suggested to explore more integrated methodologies and new tools.
Copyright (c) 2024 Armando Tipacti Garcia
Influence of different types of fertilisers on morphoagronomic indicators of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
The research aims to determine the influence of different types of fertilisers on morphoagronomic indicators of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). It was carried out at the “Elpidio Sosa” Farm, in Sagüa La Grande municipality, Villa Clara province, Cuba. A randomized block experimental design was used with the Crema VC – 504 cultivar and four treatments: Control (no application), NPK (40-30-30 kg ha-1), Compost (8 t ha-1), EcoMic® (0.8 kg + 480 mL H2O per 10 kg of seed). The results showed that in the NPK treatment the maximum values ​​of plant height, dry mass production, seed number per plant, pod and seed weight per plant were obtained. It was shown that the application of NPK (40-30-30 kg ha-1) and Compost (8 t ha-1) had a favorable impact on seed and pod yield.
Copyright (c) 2024 Amilcar Barreda Valdés; Reinaldo Alemán Pérez, Verónica Andrade Yucailla, Verónica Cristina Andrade Yucailla, Ariany Colás Sánchez, Néstor Vicente Acosta Lozano, Ahmed Chacón Iznaga
Effect of Bioway® on the fertility of an Inceptisol cultivatedwith cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)
The study aims to determine the effect of Bioway® on the chemical properties of an Inceptisol soil dedicated to intensive cocoa production. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse belonging to the soil laboratory of the Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial in Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Ecuador. In a completely randomized block design, with five replications, five doses of Bioway® were distributed (0; 2; 4; 6 and 8 t ha-1). Yellow corn (INIAP 542) was used as an indicator plant during three consecutive cycles of four weeks per cycle and soil and plant samples were collected and analyzed. The results show that the best indicators of soil fertility and corn plant growth were achieved with the application of 6 and 8 t ha-1 of Bioway®.
Copyright (c) 2024 Amstrong Agustin Vera Loor; Alfredo Reyes Hernández, Carlos Rafael Sebrango Rodríguez, Yusdel Ferrás Negrín, Verónica Andrade Yucailla, Bianca María Quiroz Villarreal, Ahmed Chacón Iznaga, Ariany Colás Sánchez
Deep Learning Applied to the Classification of Cocoa Beans (Theobroma cacao L.) According to Fermentation Quality
The Theobroma cacao L. bean fermentation is an important post-harvest process for the development of its properties and aroma. Although cocoa fermentation is complex, farmers use empirical methods to determine its degree of fermentation. One of the traditional techniques used to recognize the quality of fermentation is the “Cut Test”, performed by a person manually. However, this type of techniques could have a computer-based alternative. Therefore, in this study, the use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) based on deep learning was analyzed to determine the degree of fermentation of cocoa beans. For this purpose, a model was developed whose performance was verified in terms of precision and confusion matrix. This model achieved a positive accuracy of 82 % and a confusion matrix with favorable numbers on the diagonal elements. These results show that CNN is a viable option for the classification of cocoa beans based on their fermentation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ariosto Eugenio Vicuña Pino; Jorge Farouk Molina Noboa, Luis Miguel Espín Carrasco, Orlando Emiro Erazo Moreta
Protection strategy for the conservation of the honey ecosystem of the Chone canton
Melipona bees are essential for pollination, vital for plant reproduction and crop production. In Manabí, it contributes to the pollination of more than 50% of wild plants, maintaining local biodiversity. However, its population is declining due to the use of pesticides and habitat alteration with deforestation, putting its existence and the stability of ecosystems at risk. This study proposes a comprehensive strategy to conserve its habitat in Chone. Using a qualitative approach, biodiversity and ecosystems were reviewed through documentation and participatory methods, such as interviews with beekeepers and farmers. Critical areas for biodiversity were identified and policies and regulations were suggested to promote sustainable practices, including the protection of honey areas, community education, ecosystem monitoring and sanctions for violators. The proposal seeks to preserve biodiversity and promote sustainable development.
Copyright (c) 2024 Christian Eduardo Zambrano Cedeño; Rosa Victoria Gonzalez Zambrano
Evaluation of microplastics present in water and sand of Pacoche and Tarqui
The exponential growth of the world's population has led to an excessive production of plastics, affecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, becoming an environmental problem. The objective of this research was to evaluate the presence of microplastics in water and sand of the Pacoche Coastal Marine Wildlife Refuge and Tarqui beach. The area was georeferenced for delimitation and sample collection, quantifying microplastics according to size, type and color, and an ANOVA was performed to identify significant differences between quantity, type and size of microplastics. The results showed that in Pacoche no microplastics were detected in the sand, however, in water 8 fibers were found and in Tarqui 49 particles, predominantly films. The absence of macroplastics in Tarqui indicates that the colligative forces disperse the plastics, while the 8 fibers in the RVSMCP are due to residues from permitted artisanal fishing.
Copyright (c) 2024 María Gabriela Patiño Mesías; Yenifer Quintana Cagua, María Fernanda Pincay Cantos, José Manuel Calderón Pincay
Administrative management web system for PYMES using Mean Stack technology
In a constantly evolving market, it is essential for any growing microenterprise to improve the credibility of the business, generate savings and optimize processes systematically. The objective of the research was to develop a web sales management system using Mean Stack, this development framework allows the frontend and backend to be manipulated individually. To build the system, the agile Kanban methodology is used, allowing work to be divided into stages and classified appropriately following the TEP (Tasks in Progress) format. The research had a quantitative approach, performance tests were carried out with the Apache Jmeter analysis tool. The most relevant results showed a reduction in the waiting time for each request, in the same way, by inducing the system to load and stress tests, the robustness with which the Rest API resolves the operations that the user poses from the interface. The success of the web system is attributed to combining a robust development framework for modern web applications, and an agile methodology that accompanies each stage of work with unit tests and maintains more fluid project management.
Copyright (c) 2024 Miryan Estela Narváez Vilema; Santiago Rafael Heredia Sayay; Elsa Yoconda Narváez Vilema
Assessment of the potential toxicity of metals in soil near the Tungurahua volcano, Ecuador
The activity of the Tungurahua volcano in 2016 caused ashfall and lava episodes, primarily concentrated in Quero. The total metal content and their bioavailability were assessed in an agricultural soil near this volcano. The total metal content was estimated using microwave-assisted acid digestion, and the bioavailable metals were determined by EDTA extraction. The major metals were measured using flame atomic absorption, while the trace metals were measured with graphite furnace atomic absorption. The total content of Cd (0.13-0.22 mg/kg), Pb (1.3-2.5 mg/kg), Co (2.1-5 mg/kg), Ni (9.4-15.4 mg/kg), Cu (15.5-20.5 mg/kg), and Zn (27-36 mg/kg) were below the values established in Ecuadorian regulations. In contrast, Sr (5.1-11.3 mg/kg), Mn (138-216 mg/kg), Fe (5537-9426 mg/kg), Mg (1065-3128 mg/kg), and K (79-147 mg/kg) were comparable to other volcanic soils. In conclusion, the studied soils are not potentially toxic for agricultural practices concerning metal content.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jorge Alexander Briceño Carrasquel; Daniela Paola Ávalos Espinoza, Carlos Humberto Aguas Changoluisa, Mónica del Pilar Silva Ordóñez