Análisis de la salud, contaminación y desgaste del lubricante de motor. Caso: Bus Inter aeroportuario.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26423/njb3gs46Keywords:
monitoreo bajo condición, ingeniería de mantenimiento, tribología, motor encendido por compresión.Abstract
El estudio se orientó en evaluar en condiciones operativas reales, la salud, la contaminación y el desgaste del aceite de motor de un bus inter aeroportuario; se planteó que, con un monitoreo sistemático y correcciones operacionales, las propiedades del lubricante se mantendrían dentro de límites permisibles. Se aplicó un diseño experimental descriptivo con tres muestreos cada 250 h (0–750 h). Las pruebas de laboratorio analizaron viscosidad (ASTM D445), FTIR para oxidación, sulfatación, nitración y contaminantes (ASTM E2412), ICP para metales y aditivos (ASTM D5185) y agua por Karl Fischer (ASTM D4928), y en el análisis de datos se usaron límites permisibles y criterios estadísticos (ASTM D7720). Los resultados mostraron disminución de viscosidad del 13–14% en relación a la. línea base, en la oxidación se mantuvo en 16; la sulfatación, alta y estable en 21; la nitración, 6–7, todas bajo límites establecidos; a la vez, no se registró ningún contaminante en las muestras. En el caso de las partículas se detectó Fe=3–4 ppm, Al=0–1 ppm y Cu=1 ppm, con Mo=41 ppm por aditivo y descenso controlado de Ca–P–Zn. Se concluye que el aceite mantuvo su capacidad protectora dentro del periodo de medición. Finalmente, el mantenimiento basado en condición es viable lo que permite optimizar el intervalo de cambio del aceite con impacto posibles en costos, confiabilidad y cumplimiento ambiental.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Jaime Antamba Guasgua; Pablo Vacacela Mazón, Angel Orlando Lluilema Vimos, Luis Fabricio Corrales Zurita
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